+ Asexual reproduction | Reproduction which does not involve formation and fusion of gametes and results in progeny with an identical genetic constitution to the parent and to each other. Reproduction may occur by binary fission, budding, asexual spore formation or vegetative propagation. In asexual division in eukaryotic organisms, all cell divisions are by mitosis. | 424973 |
yes | The taxon reproduces asexually, which is reproduction which does not involve fusion of gametes or meiosis and usually results in progeny with an identical genetic constitution to the parent and to each other. Asexual reproduction may amongst others occur by binary fission, budding, asexual spore formation or vegetative propagation (adapted from Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
by unknown mechanism | Asexual reproduction is detected, but the underpinning mechanism is unknown. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
by direct development of spores | Reproduction by asexual spores resulting in a new individual of the same ploidy (exospore, endospore, monospore, bispore, paraspore, zoospore, aplanospore, autospore). (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
by fragmentation | Type of asexual reproduction in which the organism breaks up into smaller pieces, each of which can develop into a new individual, as in some algae. | 424973 |
by parthenogenesis | Reproduction from a female gamete without fertilization by a male gamete (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Direct development of a new individual from an unfused gamete. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 424973 |
by vegetative propagules | Any spore, seed, fruit or other part of a plant or microorganism capable of producing a new plant and used as a means of dispersal (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Asexual reproduction by development of a new individual from a vegetative progagule. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 424973 |
by binary fission | Binary fission in prokaryotic organisms, the chief mode of division, in which a cell divides into two equal daughter cells, each containing a copy of the chromosome. | 424973 |
by budding | (1) production of buds; (2) (zool.) method of asexual reproduction common in sponges, coelenterates and some other invertebrates, in which new individuals develop as outgrowths of the parent organism, and may eventually be set free; (3) (bot.) artificial vegetative propagation by insertion of a bud within the bark of another plant; (4) (mycol.) cell division by the outgrowth of a new cell from the parent cell; (5) (virol.) release of certain animal viruses from the host cell by their envelopment in a piece of plasma membrane which subsequently pinches off from the cell. | 424973 |
no | The taxon does not reproduce asexually, which is reproduction which does not involve formation and fusion of gametes and results in progeny with an identical genetic constitution to the parent and to each other. Reproduction may occur by binary fission, budding, asexual spore formation or vegetative propagation. In asexual division in eukaryotic organisms, all cell divisions are by mitosis. | 424973 |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown whether or not this organism reproduces asexually. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Locality (MRGID) | Marine Regions Geographic IDentifier (MRGID) for a place name in the Marine Regions gazetteer | |
+ Body shape | The general shape of the body of an organism. | |
branched | Forming main and lateral branches (and branchlets) (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
capitate | (1) Enlarged or swollen at tip; (2) Gathered into a mass at tip of stem or apex (Adapted from Lawrence, 2005 - Henderson's dictionary of Biology). | 424973 |
crustose | Forming a thin crust on the substratum, appl. certain lichens, sponges, algae (adapted from Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
cushion-like | Approximating the shape of a cushion (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
discoid | (1) Flat and circular; (2) Disc-shaped (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
erect | Upright; (1) appl. ovule, directed towards summit of ovary; (2) appl. plants, growing upright, not decumbent. | 424973 |
filamentous | Existing out of a branched or unbranched row of cells joined end to end (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
flabellate | With projecting flaps on one side, appl. to certain insect antennae (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Fan-shaped, thallus usually expanding upward from a narrow base. (macroalgae thallus; Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 424973 |
foliose | (1) With many leaves; (2) Having leaf-like lobes, appl. the thallus of some lichens and liverworts (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Leaf-like (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 424973 |
pinnate | (1) Divided in a feathery manner; (2) having lateral processes; (3) (bot.) of a compound leaf, having leaflets on each side of an axis or midrib (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). With laterals or branches arranged along each side of an axis or branch (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 424973 |
prostrate | Trailing on the ground or lying closely along a surface (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
saccate | Pouched (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Inflated, or sac-like (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 424973 |
spheric | Approximating the shape of a sphere (macroalgae thallus; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
tubular | In the form of a tube, having tubes, consisting of tubes (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature what the body shape (thallus) is for this taxon. | |
filiform | Resembling a filament (Olivier De Clerck). Thread-like. | 380501 |
mucilaginous | Consisting of a slippery and slimy texture (Maggs & Hommersand, 1993). Containing, or composed of mucilage (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 200744 |
stoloniferous | Forming a prostrate axis, lying on or in the substrate, from which erect branches arise (Womersley, 1984). Bearing a stolon or stolons (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 200706 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Body size | A measurement of the size of the organism. The measurement used to express body size varies within taxonomic groups. For example, some disciplines measure diameter, others carapace length, total body length or wing span. Also, body size can vary with sex and life stage. | |
+ Corresponding length | Corresponding length of a length-width pair for Nematoda. | |
+ Corresponding width | Corresponding width of a length-width pair for Nematoda. | |
+ Dimension | The dimension of a body size (e.g. length, width, diameter). | |
length | Maximum recorded linear body length (in millimetres) excluding appendages. [Source: https://marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Bodylength] | |
width | A measurement or extent of something from side to side; the lesser of two or the least of three dimensions of a body. [Source: https://marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:Width] | 424864 |
diameter | The length of a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere. | |
height | | |
thickness | | |
wingspan | The distance between the wing tips when the wings are held outstretched. | |
volume | | |
corresponding length | Corresponding length of a length-width pair for Nematoda. | |
corresponding width | Corresponding width of a length-width pair for Nematoda. | |
thallus length | Maximum length observed for the regarding thallus feature. | |
thallus diameter | Maximum diameter observed for the regarding thallus feature. | |
weight | | |
corresponding weight | | |
standard length (SL) | The measurement from the most anterior tip of the body to the midlateral posterior edge of the hypural plate (in fish with a hypural plate) or to the posterior end of the vertebral column (in fish lacking hypural plates). It may be restricted to the tip of the snout if the lower jaw projects. The base of the caudal fin (end of the vertebral column or posterior edge of the hypural plate) is determined by flexing the tail up while the caudal peduncle is held down. The resultant wrinkle or caudal flexure indicates the caudal base. It may also be determined by probing or dissection. Sometimes the posteriormost point is the last scale, the last pored scale or the beginning of the caudal fin rays. It is the usual scientific measurement for length of a fish except in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, Elasmobranchii and Holocephali. This measurement is used because long-preserved fish often lose the tips of the caudal fin rays through breakage after the desiccation effect of alcohol. See total length and fork length. In Holocephali the length is usually taken from the tip of the snout to the origin of the upper caudal fin because the caudal filament breaks off frequently. In Scaridae it is taken back to the rear margin of the second to last lateral line scale {because the large scales obscure the point of caudal flexure. In small dead fish, the end point is detected by bending the caudal fin to one side. In fishery work, as a result of the use of the measuring board, standard-, fork- and total length are taken from the most anterior part of the head. Abbreviated as SL. | 1128 |
total length (TL) | The greatest length of the whole body between the most anterior point of the body and the most posterior point, in a straight line, not over the curve of the body. Sometimes, when there are two equal lobes, the caudal rays are squeezed together and their tip is taken as the most posterior point (excluding the caudal filaments), or the longest lobe is squeezed to the midline (maximum length or extreme tip length). Also an imaginary line may be drawn between the two lobe tips and length to its mid-point taken as the most posterior point (total auxiliary length or bilobular length). Usually the tip of the most posterior lobe of the fin in normal position is taken as the posteriormost point (total normal length or natural tip length). Total length is used by taxonomists in Myxini, Petromyzontiformes, usually in Elasmobranchii and sometimes in other fishes. Standard length is usually employed with Teleostei. Abbreviated TL. | 1128 |
fork length (FL) | Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. | 1128 |
width of disk (WD) | The greatest distance between the lateral tips of the pectoral fins in Rajiformes. | 1128 |
prosome length | Length of the promose, which is the anterior tagma of the copepod body comprising the cephalosome plus the first to fifth pedigerous somites in gymnoplean copepods, and the cephalosome plus the first to fourth pedigerous somites in podoplean copepods. | 93637 |
patch diameter | Diameter of a mat, cluster or tuft of individuals. | 451427 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Locality (MRGID) | Marine Regions Geographic IDentifier (MRGID) for a place name in the Marine Regions gazetteer | |
+ Sex | The sex of an organism. The sum of all structural, functional and behavioural characteristics distingiusing males, females and hermaphrodites. (Lincoln et al., 1998). The sum characteristics, structures, features and functions by which a plant or animal is classed as male or female. In some animals sex is entirely genetically determined, in others the sex may change in response to environmental conditions. (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005) | 416344 |
male | The attribute is valid for organisms of the male sex; the sperm producing form of a a bisexual or dioecious organism. | 416344 |
female | The attribute is valid for organisms of the female sex; the egg producing form of a bisexual or dioecious organism. | 416344 |
male & female | The attribute is valid for both organisms of the male sex and organisms of the female sex. | |
hermaphrodite | The attribute is valid for hermaphroditic organisms. Having both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual (animal) or the same flower (plant); androgyne; bisexual; the maturation of the male organs before the female is protandrous hermaphroditism; the female before the male is protogynous hermaphroditism, and simultaneously is syncrhonous hermaphroditism. | 416344 |
undetermined | It has not yet been determined for which sex this attribute is valid. | |
male/unsexed | The attribute is valid for organisms of the male sex or for organisms for which the sex has not yet been identified. | |
+ Type | The type of a body size (e.g. minimum, maximum, average). | |
minimum | | |
maximum | | |
average | | |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown which type this body size is. | |
mean | | |
standard mean | | |
common | | |
+ Unit | The unit of a body size (e.g. m, cm, mm). | |
µm | micrometer | |
mm | millimeter | |
cm | centimeter | |
m | meter | |
cm² | square centimeter | |
dm² | square decimeter | |
m² | square meter | |
cm³ | cubic centimeter | |
inches | inch | |
kg | kilogram | |
ton | ton | |
+ Calcification | Mode of calcification of seaweed. | |
calcified articulated | Algal thallus that is encrusted or impregnated with lime with non-calcified articulae rendering the thallus a segmented nature (macroalgae). | 345374 |
calcified non-articulated | Algal thallus that is encrusted or impregnated with lime lacking non-calcified articulae (macroalgae). | 345374 |
non-calcified | Algal thallus not encrusted or impregnated with lime (macroalgae). | 345374 |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature whether or not the algal thallus is calcified (macroalgae). | 345374 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Cytomorphology | This trait describes whether or not an organism is unicellular. For algae, this means the relationship between cell structure and thallus organisation. Examples include uninucleate unicellular organisms, multicellular thalli composed of uninucleate cells, multicellular thalli composed of multinucleate cells, and macroscopic thalli composed of a single giant tubular cell (siphonous or acellular thalli). | 380516 |
unicellular | Having only one cell, or consisting of one cell. | 424973 |
siphonous | Thallus consisting of a large tubular multinucleate cell (siphon) lacking cross-walls except during the formation of reproductive structures (note that many species of Dasycladales remain uninucleate throughout much of their life cycle with a giant diploid nucleus that only divides at the onset of reproduction). Also known as acellular. | 380516 |
non-unicellular | Having more than one cell, or consisting of more than one cell (adapted from Henderson's Dictionary of Biology). | 424973 |
coenocytic | Multicellular thallus composed of multinucleate cells. Also known as siphonocladous. | 380516 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Dispersion mode | 1: The pattern of distribution of organisms or populations in space. 2: The non-accidental movement of individuals into or out of an area or population, typically a movement over a relatively short distance and of a more or less regular nature; cf. migration. (Lincoln et al., 1998) | 416344 |
aplanospores | A non-motile spore, without power of locomotion (Lincoln et al., 1998). A non-motile resting spore (Henderson's Dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). A non-motile, asexual spore ((Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.). | 416344 |
monospores | A simple or undivided spore. | 424973 |
motile spores | Spores are flagellate and can therefore disperse. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
one motile gamete | Only the male gamete is flagellate and can therefore disperse. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
two motile gametes | Both male and female gametes are flagellate and can therefore disperse. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
vegetative fragmentation | Type of asexual reproduction in which the organism breaks up into smaller pieces, each of which can develop into a new individual. | 424973 |
thallus fragmentation and drift | A part of the thallus can be lost and drift. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
vegetative propagation | Any spore, seed, fruit or other part of a plant or microorganism capable of producing a new plant and used as a means of dispersal (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Vegetative reproduction by propagules that can also be used as a means of dispersal. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 424973 |
presence of buoyance structures | Individuals exhibit gas-filled structures that favourise their floating. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
species cultivated or sold in aquaria trade | The species is cultivated or sold in aquaria trade. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
species growing on artificial substrate | The species is growing on artificial substrate such as harbour walls, boat hulls, piers, buoys. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown which dispersion mode this organism has. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature which dispersion mode this taxon has. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Environmental position | Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water). | |
endolithic | Growing within a rock or other hard inorganic substratum; petriculous; saxicavous; cf. epilithic (Lincoln et al., 1998). Living or penetrating into rock, as some algae and fungi (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
endophytic | A plant living within another plant; entophytic; cf. ectophytic (Lincoln et al., 1998). Bacterium, fungus or alga living inside the body or cells of an organism to which they cause no apparent damage. alt. endosymbiont (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
endozoic | Living within or passing through the body of an animal; entozoic; cf. epizoic (Lincoln et al., 1998). Living within an animal or involving passage through an animal, as in the distribution of some seeds (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
epilithic | Growing on rocks or other hard inorganic substrata; petrophillous; cf. endolithic (Lincoln et al., 1998). Attached on rocks, appl. algae, lichens (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
epiphytic | 1: A plant growing on another plant (the phorophyte) for support or anchorage rather than for water supply or nutrients; aerophyte. 2: Any organism living on the surface of a plant. (Lincoln et al., 1998). Plant that lives on the surface of another plant but does not derive nourishment from it (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
epizoic | Living attached to the body of an animal; used of a non-parasitic animal that lives attached to the outer surface of another animal; epizoan, epizoism, epizoite, epizoon; cf. endozoic (Lincoln et al., 1998). (1) living on or attached to the body of an animal; (2) having seeds or fruits dispersed by being attached to the surface of an animal (Henderson's dictionary of biology; Lawrence, 2005). | 416344 |
unattached | Growing without attachment to any type of substrate. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
epipsamnic | Growing in or on sand or other soft inorganic or organic substratum (Olivier De Clerck). Attached to sand particles (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 380501 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Gamete type | Descriptors of the relative size of gametes. | |
anisogamous | Having gametes of dissimilar size, shape or behaviour; cf. isogamous (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
isogamous | Having gametes that are similar in size, shape and behaviour; having gametes (isogametes) not differentiated into male and female; cf. anisogamous (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
oogamous | Having a reproduction involving a large, non-motile female gamete (egg cell) and a small, motile male gamete (sperm cell or equivalent), except for red algae in which the male gamete is also non-motile (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
not applicable | The attribute "gamete type" is not applicable for this taxon. | |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown which gamete type this organism has. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature what the gamete type is for this taxon. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Gametophyte arrangement | Trait that describes the male and female reproductive structures. | |
dioecious | When male and female reproductive structures are formed on the separate individual and the sex is determined in diploid phase. | 380506 |
dioicous | When male and female reproductive structures are formed on the separate individual and the sex is determined in haploid phase. | 380506 |
mixed | With individuals bearing only male or female reproductive structures and indivduals bearing both male and female reproductive structures in one species. | 380506 |
monoecious | When male and female reproductive structures are formed on same individuals and the sex is determined in diploid phase. | 380506 |
monoicous | When male and female reproductive structures are formed on same individuals and the sex is determined in haploid phase. | 380506 |
not applicable | The attribute "gametophyte arrangement" is not applicable for this taxon. | |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown which gametophyte arrangement this organism has. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature what the gametophyte arrangement is for this taxon. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Generation time | 1: The average duration of a life cycle between birth and reproduction. 2: The mean period of time between reproduction of the parent generation and reproduction of the first filial generation. (Lincoln et al., 1998). Period of time to complete a life cycle in the lab. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 416344 |
1 to 3 months | Life cycle completed in 1 to 3 months in the lab. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
3 to 12 months | Life cycle completed in 3 to 12 months in the lab. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
1 to 3 years | Life cycle completed in 1 to 3 years in the lab. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
more than 3 years | Life cycle completed in more than 3 years in the lab. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Life cycle | The type of life cycle an organism has. Life cycle according to Lincoln et al., 1998: 1: The sequence of events from the origin as a zygote, to the death of an individual. 2: Those stages through which an organism passes between the production of gametes by one generation and the production of gametes by the next. | 416344 |
diplontic | [diplont] Having a life cycle in which the direct products of meiosis act as gametes; only the gametes of diplonts are haploid; cf. haplont (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
haplodiplontic | Having a life cycle with alternating free-living gametophyte and sporophyte phases (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). | 345374 |
heteromorphic | Organisms with the gametophyte and sporophyte of different morphology and size (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). Having different forms at different times or at different stages of the life cycle; used of a plant having an alternation of vegetatively dissimilar generations; heteromorphous; cf. homomorphic (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 345374 |
isomorphic | Organisms with the gametophyte and sporophyte of similar morphology and size (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). Used of a plant having an alternation between diploid and haploid generations which are morphologically similar in appearance; homomoprhic; isomorphous; cf. heteromorphic (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 345374 |
not applicable | It is not applicable whether this taxon is heteromorphic or isomorphic. | |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown whether this organism is heteromorphic or isomorphic. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature whether this taxon is heteromorphic or isomorphic. | |
haplontic | [haplont] Having a life cycle in which meiosis occurs in the zygote to produce the haploid phase; only the zygote of the haplonts is diploid; cf. diplont. | 416344 |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown what life cycle this organism has. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature what life cycle this taxon has. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Life span | Longevity; the maximum or mean duration of life of an individual or group. | 416344 |
annual | (1) Appl. structures or growth features that are marked off or completed yearly; (2) living for a year only; (3) completing life-cycle in a year from germination; (4) n. plant that completes its life-cycle in a year. (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Thallus which survives only one growing season (less than 1 year) (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). | 424973 |
ephemeral | (1) Short-lived; (2) taking place once only, appl. plant movements as expanding buds; (3) completing life-cycle within a brief period; (4) n. a short-lived plant or animal species (Henderson's Dictionary of Biology; Lawrence, 2005). Thallus which survives for only a few weeks (less than 1 month) (macroalgae; Womersley, 1987). | 424973 |
perennial | Plant which persists for several years. | 424973 |
long perennial | Thallus or part thereof with a lifespan exceeding 3 years (more than 3 years) (macroalgae; Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
short perennial | Thallus or part thereof with a lifespan exceeding 1 year but under 3 years (macroalgae; Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature which life span this organism has. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Macroalgal blooming | Types of blooming specific for macroalgae species. | |
yes | The species has the potential to go through episodes of intense growth and mass proliferation of the thallus under specific environmental conditions such as high nutrient and temperature conditions. | 380516 |
no | The species does not have the obvious potential to go through episodes of intense growth and mass proliferation of the thallus under specific environmental conditions such as high nutrient and temperature conditions. | 380516 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Locality (MRGID) | Marine Regions Geographic IDentifier (MRGID) for a place name in the Marine Regions gazetteer | |
+ Reproductive frequency | Trait that describes the fertility period of an organism. | |
all over the year | Fertile individuals observed all over the year. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
one long period a year | A unique fertility period lasting more than 1 month. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
one short period a year | A unique fertility period lasting less than 1 month. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
several long periods a year | Several distinct fertility periods lasting more than 1 month each. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
several short periods a year | Several distinct fertility periods lasting less than 1 month each. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Seasonality | Trait that describes the periodicity of an organism related to the seasons. | |
spring | The organism can be observed in spring. | |
summer | The organism can be observed in summer. | |
autumn | The organism can be observed in autumn. | |
winter | The organism can be observed in winter. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature in which season(s) this organism can be reported. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Locality (MRGID) | Marine Regions Geographic IDentifier (MRGID) for a place name in the Marine Regions gazetteer | |
+ Spawning | The release of gametes or eggs into the water (Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
fertilisation in the water column | Fertilization with gametes released in the water column. | |
fertilisation on female gametophyte | Female gamete retained on the female gametophyte (e.g. Rhodophyta). | 380501 |
not applicable | The attribute "spawning" is not applicable for this taxon. | |
unknown | According to literature it is unknown which spawning mechanism this organism has. | |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature whether or not there is spawning for this taxon. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Thallus vertical space used | Trait that describes whether an organism belongs to the canopy, sub-canopy, turf, or is encrusting. | |
canopy | Vegetation of macroalgae or plants partially blocking light penetration, thereby creating a shaded understory. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
encrusting | With a crustose growth form (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
sub-canopy | Forming a secondary cover, usually of 20 cm height maximum (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
turf | Vegetation dominated by macroalgae with limited vertical height, usually < 5 cm height. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Tolerance to pollutants | Trait that describes how tolerant to pollutants an organism is. | |
clear waters | Waters where visisbility is most of the time > 10 m. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
eutrophic waters | Having high primary productivity; pertaining to waters rich in nutrients (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
mesotrophic waters | Having intermediate levels of primary productivity; pertaining to waters having intermediate levels of nutrients (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
moderately turbid waters | Waters where visibility is most of the time > 1m and < 10m. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
oligotrophic waters | Having low primary productivity; pertaining to waters having low levels of nutrients (adapted from Lincoln et al., 1998). | 416344 |
waters with variable turbidity | Waters where turbidity varies periodically. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
turbid waters | Waters where visibility is most of the time < 1m. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Wave exposure | Trait that describes the range of exposure to wave action in which the organism is recorded. | |
exposed | Subject to high energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
high energy rock | Rocky substrate subject to high energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
features of rock | Specific characteristics of rocky substrate such as pools, caves, overhangs, surge gulleys, artificial hard substrata. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
semi-exposed | Subject to moderate energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
moderate energy rock | Rocky substrate subject to moderate energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
sheltered | Subject to low energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
coarse sediments | Coarse sediments such as gravel, pebbles, shingles and cobbles ocurring at sheltered locations. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
low energy rock | Rocky substrate subject to low energy wave forces. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
macrophyte-dominated sediments | Sediments with a high cover of macroalgae or seagrasses. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
mud-dominated sediments | Sediments composed of a mixture of clay (< 2 um) and silt (4 - 62 um) typically deposited in a low energy environment. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
sand-dominated sediments | Sediments composed of a mixture of sand particles (0.074 - 4.75 mm) typically deposited in a low energy environment. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature which wave exposure this organism has. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Zonation | The distribution of organisms in distinctive areas, layers or zones. It is important to note that variations in depth and definition occur depending on the source, area or research purpose. The depth ranges and definitions within the zonation attribute were agreed upon by the WoRMS Steering Committee based on diverse sources. | |
Pelagic zones | | |
Epipelagic zone (0-200 m) | The depth zone of the water column extending from the surface to 200 m. Because this zone has sufficient light penetration for photosynthesis, it is sometimes referred to as the photic zone. | |
Mesopelagic zone (200-1000 m) | The depth zone of the water column extending from 200 to 1000 m. | |
Bathypelagic zone (1000-4000 m) | The depth zone of the water column extending from 1000 to 4000 m. | |
Abyssopelagic zone (4000-6000 m) | The depth zone of the water column extending from 4000 to 6000 m. | |
Hadopelagic zone (deeper than 6000 m) | The depth zone of the water column exceeding 6000 m. This zone corresponds to submarine trenches. | |
Benthic zones | | |
Littoral zone (0-200 m) | The littoral zone extends from the shoreline to the edge of the continental shelf, typically down to 200 m deep. It is important to note that there is no single definition for the littoral zone because its full extent and divisions vary in different contexts and sources. The littoral zone includes the intertidal, but also all neritic waters within the bounds of the continental shelves. Although the littoral zone is larger than the intertidal zone, littoral and intertidal are often used interchangeably. The part of the shore covering the intertidal and the splash zone, with the upper limit marked by the top of the lichen zone and the lower limit marked by the top of the laminarian kelp zone. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.)
| 425895 |
Supralittoral zone/Supratidal zone | The supralittoral zone comprises the area above the high tide mark. This zone is also referred to as the supratidal zone. The supralittoral zone can be further divided into the spray zone and splash zone. | |
Eulittoral zone/Mediolittoral zone/Intertidal zone | The eulittoral zone comprises the area between the high tide mark and the low tide mark. This zone is also referred to as the mediolittoral zone, midlittoral zone or the intertidal zone. Allhough the intertidal zone is part of the littoral zone, littoral and intertidal are often used interchangeably (see definition for Littoral zone). | |
Sublittoral zone/Subtidal zone | The sublittoral zone comprises the seafloor from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf, typically down to 200 m deep. The shallowest portion of the sublittoral zone is sometimes referred to as the subtidal zone. Allthough the sublitoral zone is larger than the subtidal zone, sublittoral and subtidal are often used interchangeably. The part of the shore continuously covered by water, below the intertidal zone. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.)
| 425895 |
Infralittoral zone | The upper subdivision of the sublittoral zone, typically dominated by photosynthetic organisms. | |
Upper infralittoral zone | The region of the sublittoral which extends from the lower limit of the infralittoral to the maximum depth at which photosynthesis is still possible. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
Lower infralittoral zone | The part of the infralittoral zone that supports scattered kelp plants. (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
Circalittoral zone | The lower subdivision of the sublittoral zone, typically dominated by animals. | |
Upper circalittoral zone | Dominated by animals with sparse foliose algae except where grazed. The part of the circalittoral subzone on hard substrata distinguished by the presence of scattered foliose algae amongst the dominating animals; its lower limit is the maximum limit of depth for foliose algae (based on Hiscock, 1985). (Definition composed by Line Le Gall, Olivier De Clerck, Sofie Vranken and Marine Robuchon, based on diverse literature sources, in the framework of compiling macroalgae traits.) | 425895 |
Bathyal zone (200-4000 m) | The bathyal zone comprises sea floors at depths between 200 and 4000 m. This zone generally corresponds to the continental slope. | |
Abyssal zone (4000-6000 m) | The abyssal zone comprises sea floors at depths between 4000 and 6000 m. This zone generally corresponds to the abyssal plain. | |
Hadal zone (deeper than 6000 m) | The hadal zone comprises sea floors at depths exceeding 6000 m. This zone corresponds to submarine trenches. | |
Unreported | So far it has not been reported in literature which zonation this organism has. | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
+ Life stage | (click on Life stage at the bottom of the page to expand) | |
adult | The reproductively capable (mature), fully formed, usually longest lived, stage of an animals life cycle. | |
juvenile | Young bird or other animal, before it has acquired full adult plumage or form. | 424973 |
egg | (1) ovum q.v.; (2) in certain animals, e.g. reptiles, birds, amphibians and insects, a structure composed of the fertilized ovum and nutritive and protective tissues, surrounded by a protective shell, which is laid by the female, and from which the young animal hatches. | 424973 |
larva | Independently living, post-embryonic stage of an animal that is markedly different in form from the adult and which undergoes metamorphosis into the adult form, e.g. caterpillar, grub, tadpole. | 424973 |
planula | The ovoid free-swimming ciliated larva of coelenterates. | 424973 |
tadpole | Llarval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly frog or toad. Also called "pollywog". | |
postlarva | | |
spat | The spawn or young of bivalve molluscs. | 424973 |
subadult | | |
zoea | Early larval form of certain decapod crustaceans. | 424973 |
nauplius | Earliest larval stage of many crustaceans, with three pairs of appendages. | 424973 |
polyp | (1) Sedentary individual or zooid of a colonial animal; (2) in coelenterates, an individual having a tubular body, usually with a mouth and ring of tentacles on top, like a miniature sea anemone. | 424973 |
medusa | One of the forms of individuals of coelenterates of the classes Hydrozoa (hydroids) and Scyphozoa (jellyfish). It is bell-shaped, with a tube hanging down in the centre ending in a mouth, and tentacles around the edge of the bell, and is the form commonly called a jellyfish. It forms the free-swimming sexual reproductive stage of most hydrozoans, and is large and conspicuous in jellyfish. | 424973 |
ephyra | Imature medusa in some jellyfish, formed by strobilization from a polyp. | 424973 |
megalops | A larval stage of certain crustaceans such as crabs, which has large stalked eyes and a crab-like cephalothorax. | 424973 |
hydroid | One of the forms of individuals in the Hydrozoa, a class of solitary and colonial coelenterates, having a hollow cylindrical body closed at one end and with a mouth at the other surrounded by tentacles. | 424973 |
manca | Larval (juvenile) stage of some isopods. | 424973 |
cypris | The nonfeeding larval stage prior to metamorphosis into the cyprid (unknown source). Larval stage that follows the nauplius stage in cirripedes (Lawrence, 2005). | 424973 |
hatchling | | |
copepodite I | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the nauplius life stage; determined by 2 swimming legs. | 6961 |
copepodite II | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the copepodite I life stage; determined by 3 swimming legs. | 6961 |
copepodite III | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the copepodite II life stage; determined by 4 swimming legs. | 6961 |
copepodite IV | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the copepodite III life stage; determined by 5 swimming legs. | 6961 |
copepodite V | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the copepodite IV life stage; pre-adult stage; determined by enlargement of the urosome and development of sexual organs. | 6961 |
copepodite VI | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). There are six life stages for copepods after the nauplius stage. Each life stage stages can be defined by the number of legs an individual has. Copepoda life stage after the copepodite V life stage; adult stage; 5th leg is fully complete. | 6961 |
gametophyte | The haploid sexual phase of a plant which exhibits an alternation of generations, from which gametes are produced, usually by mitotic division; the haploid gametophyte is typically formed by meiotic division of a diploid sporophyte q.v.; gamophyte; haplophyte. | 416344 |
sporophyte | The diploid, spore-producing, asexual generation in the life cycle of a plant; typically formed by fusion of haploid gametes; diplophyte; synkaryophyte. | 416344 |
macrothallus | The larger, conspicuous, phase in the life history of an organism, as contrasted with the microthallus. | 200706 |
microthallus | The smaller, often inconspicuous, phase in the life history of an organisms, as contrasted with the marcrothallus. | 380501 |
neonate | Newborn animal. | 424973 |
1-year old | An animal that has reached the age of 1 year. | |
foetus | Mammalian embryo after the stage at which it becomes recognizable. | 424973 |
podocyst | A cyst beneath the pedal discs of scyphozoan polyps. | |
polygastric | Main, asexual life stage of calycophoran siphonophores. The polygastric stage is comprised of an anterior nectophore and a posterior nectophore, joined together to form a functional swimming unit. This resembles the "adult" life stage in Calycophorae, although the term "adult" should not be used for Siphonophorae. Cf. Physonectae and Cystonectae, where this life stage is called "colony". | 391288 |
eudoxid | Sexual stage of siphonophores. | 391288 |
colony | Main, asexual life stage of physonect and cystonect siphonophores. This resembles the "adult" life stage in Physonectae and Cystonectae, although the term "adult" should not be used for Siphonophorae. cf. Calycophorae, where this life stage is called "polygastric". | 391288 |
medusoid | A life stage resembling or developing into a medusa. | 424973 |
cerinula | larval stage within Ceriantharia | |
pilidium | The characteristic helmet-shaped larva of nemertine worms. | 424973 |
akinetes | Akinetes are resting cells that develop from solitary cells or after the fusion of two or more neighboring cells, and occur in several members of the Nostocales (Cyanobacteria) (Komárek and Johansen 2015, p. 138). | 415851 |
resting spore | The diatom resting spores are first and foremost recognized by their heavily silicified frustules. The resting spore morphology of some species is similar to that of the corresponding vegetative cells, whereas in other species, the resting spores and the vegetative cells differ drastically. Diatom resting spores are normally formed as a response to unfavorable environmental conditions, and germination occurs when the conditions improve. Resting spore formation is common in centric, but rare in pennate marine planktonic diatoms (Hasle and Syvertsen 1997, p. 11). | 238097 |
resting cyst | A dormant stage in which normal life processes are generally reduced (Fensome et al. 1993, p. 260). | 415852 |
temporary cyst | A general term for nonmotile stages other than resting cysts (Dale 1983, p. 78). | 415853 |
gametes | Haploid reproductive cell which, on fusion with another gamete produces a diploid cell (zygote) (Fensome et al. 1993, p. 254). | 415852 |
auxospore | Large cell resulting from sexual reproduction or autogamy. In diatoms, they lack the rigid valve construction as other cells; instead, they are covered by delicate siliceous scales or bands (= perizonium) (Wehr et al. 2015, p. 964). | 334095 |
copepodite stage not specified | Juvenile stage after the nauplius stage in copepods (Lawrence, 2005). | |